What are the common piston rings?

Piston rings are one of the key components in internal combustion engines. Their main function is to seal the cylinder and prevent the high-pressure gas in the combustion chamber from leaking into the crankcase. At the same time, they transfer the heat on the piston to the cylinder wall and then dissipate it through the cooling system. Common piston rings are of the following types:

Piston Rings:

Compression Rings: Usually located on the upper part of the piston, their main function is to seal the combustion chamber, prevent gas leakage, and help dissipate heat.

Oil Control Rings: Located below the piston rings, their main function is to control the oil distribution on the cylinder wall, prevent excessive oil from entering the combustion chamber, and scrape off excess oil to keep the cylinder wall clean.

Combination Rings:

In some designs, the functions of the piston ring and the oil ring are integrated into one ring. This ring has both the function of sealing gas and the ability to control oil.

Twisted Rings:

The cross section of this ring is twisted, which helps to improve the distribution of the oil film, reduce friction, and improve sealing performance.

Barrel-faced Rings:

This ring has a barrel-shaped surface, which helps to better adapt to the shape of the cylinder wall when the piston moves, improving the sealing effect.

Rectangular Rings:

With a rectangular cross-section, it is the most common type of gas ring and has good sealing performance and heat dissipation capabilities.

Beveled Rings:

One side of the cross-section is beveled, which helps to reduce friction and wear.

Twisted Beveled Rings:

Combines the characteristics of twisted rings and beveled rings, combining the advantages of both.

Barrel-faced Twisted Rings:

Combines the characteristics of barrel-faced rings and twisted rings, providing better sealing and oil film management.

Expanding Rings:

This ring expands when installed to fit tightly against the cylinder wall, providing additional sealing effect.

Each type of piston ring has its own specific design characteristics and application scenarios. Choosing the right piston ring is crucial to the performance, efficiency and life of the engine. In actual applications, engineers will select the most suitable piston ring type and material based on factors such as engine design requirements, operating conditions and cost.

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